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Of Mice and Men is a novella written by author John Steinbeck. Published in 1937, it tells the story of George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, who move from place to place in California in search of new job opportunities during the Great Depression in the United States.


The raw material of life whilch serves as a basis for A. Solzhenitsyn’s story is unusual In Soviet literature. It carries within itself an echo of the painful features In our developmeat related to the cult of personality that has been debunked and repudiated by the Party, features that, although they are not so far away from us in time, nevertheless seem to us to be in the distant past. But the past, no matter what it was like, never becomes a matter of indifference to the present. The assurance of a complete and irrevocable break with everything which beclouds the past lies in a true and courageous comprehension of its full consequences. It was about this that N. S. Khrushchev spoke in his concluding words at the 22n Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, words so memorable for all of us: “It is our duty to gain a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the 4 nature of the matters related to the abuse of power. Time will pass and we shall die, we are all mortal, but so long as we work we can and must clear up many points and tell the truth to the Party and to the people “This we must do so that such things never happen again.”
Some of the characters in this novel are real-life historical figures, but one should not look for historical authenticity in every episode and on every page of this work. Historical personalities in this novel are largely protagonists created by the author’s pen, chosen and appreciated by him, whether it be Prince Pavel Dmitriyevich Tsitsianov or the young Persian prince and heir to the throne Abbas Mirza Qajar.
The historical flavour of this novel is a reflection of the author’s own meditative and emotional response to the process of getting acquainted with real historical facts, so the historical figures explored here are also his own fictional characters, created by his rich imagination.
So historians would not necessarily find archival evidence of the existence of the names, places, letters and various historical events quoted here. Let them not pay attention to the particulars, the details and aspects of this novel that do not fall in line with the mainstream history. There are still plenty of moments that do reflect key historical events, creating a rich tapestry of thoughts that allow us to take a journey into the author’s mind and witness his perspective and understanding of the events and challenges of days past.


Love and Friendship is a juvenile story by Jane Austen, dated 1790, when Austen was 14 years old. Written in epistolary form, like her later unpublished novella, Lady Susan, Love and Friendship is thought to be one of the tales she wrote for the amusement of her family; it was also dedicated to her cousin Eliza de Feuillide, «La Comtesse de Feuillide». The installments, written as letters from the heroine Laura, to Marianne, the daughter of her friend, Isabel, may have come about as nightly readings by the young Jane in the Austen home. Love and Friendship is clearly a parody of romantic novels Austen read as a child. This is clear even from the subtitle, «Deceived in Friendship and Betrayed in Love,» which totally undercuts the title.
In form, it resembles a fairy tale featuring wild coincidences and turns of fortune. However, Austen is determined to lampoon the conventions of romantic stories, right down to the utter failure of romantic fainting spells, which always turn out badly for the female characters.
In this story one can see the development of Austen’s sharp wit and disdain for romantic sensibility and characteristic of her later novels.
Paul Feyerbend’s ‘Without ambiguity, no change ever’ and an Arab’s proverb ‘Trust Allah, but tie the camel’ gave an incentive to Nassim’s resolution to cope with the new world. Eventually, he would not be the kind of person who would adore laziness and abhor the call for evolving. Ambiguity and change! Fatality and resolution! Four words with a strong euphemism that would not leave him adamant! He took his chance to revitalize his dormant cells and get together with life.


This book is about the changes that a person can make in his life. Consider a person, who has been smoking 3 packs of cigarettes every day for years, is overweight, has various diseases and feels that he is rapidly sinking into the abyss and he suddenly changes his life. Losing weight and quitting bad habits, at first glance may seem like a momentary and easy decision, but actually this is the result of a long-term psychological preparation. One more point to make deep changes is that a person must give up the habits and rid himself of the stereotypes that have been engraved in his mind for years.

It is the story of an old Cuban fisherman and his supreme ordeal: a relentless, agonizing battle with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream. Using the simple, powerful language of a fable, Hemingway takes the timeless themes of courage in the face of defeat and personal triumph won from loss and transforms them into a magnificent twentieth-century classic

Life is enjoyable when stories that bring about challenges are told. They might seem casual. They are not. People are anxious to live. They look at other people’s lives and, instead of minding their own lives, many among them try, either to take them down or, at the best, envy them. However, some, who prove to be wiser, keep on wondering what would make it easier for all people to meditate on stories told, and enjoy being alive! Would it be a sin to admit that as long as people remain different, they will always follow different paths and embrace different faiths? The characters in these short-stories are inspired by people, who hail from different cultures and civilizations; mainly from Morocco, United Kingdom, United States, Moldova and Azerbaijan. I was an eyewitness of their hazy mazy struggle to meet their destiny, and bring down their laziness and luck of confidence in themselves. Stories told in this book are also an attempt to question taboos pertaining to love, friendship and denial. They are meant to sort out the belief that ‘’the most obvious may end up like a twisting toward the rolling stones: the speediness and the slowness are equally useless unless rules are freely set and accepted.’’


The Death of Ivan Ilyich, first published in 1886, is a novella by Leo Tolstoy, one of the masterpieces of his late fiction, written shortly after his religious conversion of the late 1870 s.
The novel tells the story of the life and death, at the age of 45, of a high-court judge in 19th-century Russia—a miserable husband, proud father, and upwardly-mobile member of Russia’s professional class, the object of Tolstoy’s unremitting satire. Living what seems to be a good life, his dreadful relationship with his wife notwithstanding, Ivan Ilyich Golovin bangs his side while putting up curtains in a new apartment intended to reflect his family’s superior status in society. Within weeks, he has developed a strange taste in his mouth and a pain that will not go away. Numerous expensive doctors—friends of friends of friends—are visited in their surgeries or called to the judge’s bedside, but beyond muttering about blind gut and floating kidneys, they can neither explain nor treat his condition, and it soon becomes clear that Ivan Ilyich is dying.

In bringing to life a host of unforgettable characters such as Tom Thumb, the Frog-Prince and Ashputtel, the Brothers Grimm created a feast of stories to stimulate the mind and emotions of readers of all ages. Some of the tales are sinister, some funny; others teach us about love, compassion or revenge, greed, cruelty or kindness. Because of their enormous range and scope, they form a vital part of our understanding of the world. As popular today as they were when they were first published, these stories should find a place on the bookshelf of every home. As well as leading us to strange lands where birds and beasts dwell with dwarves, giants, princesses and peasants, they will continue to delight, terrify and educate readers, young and old.



Written during World War II and published in 1945, Animal Farm is about a group of farm animals who rebel against their farmer/owner. In doing so, they wish to create a place where animals can be equal, free and happy, however in the end they are betrayed, and the farm ends up as badly as it was before the rebellion.
This short novel, published after Tolstoy’s death, is the last novel the great author wrote. The novel tells the true story of Hadji Murad, an Avar who commanded the peoples of Dagestan and Chechnya in their resistance against assimilation into Russian Empire. Tolstoy had first heard of Murad during his travels, and the author became inspired by his refusal to give in to the demands of a corrupt world. Hadji Murad shares many of the same themes found in War and Peace. Those enchanted by Tolstoy’s work may find yet another treasure in this lesser-known historical novel.
1984 is the year in which it happens. The world is divided into three great powers, Oceania, Eurasia, and Eastasia, each perpettually at the war with the other. Throughout Oceania “ The Party” rules by the agency of four ministries, whose power is absolute- The Ministry of Peace which deals with war, the Ministry of Love (Headquarters of the dreaded Thought police) which deals with law and order, the Ministry of Plenty, which deals in scarcities, and the Ministry of Truth which deals with propaganda. The authorities keep a check on every action, word, gesture, or thought.
George Orwell’s satire has been compared with that of Swift, and in Ninteen Eighty-four the satire is the framework for one of the most moving stories to have been published in this generation- the human story of Winston Smith and his revolt against the Party’s Rules.

Lüğət spesifik olaraq akademik ingilis dili öyrənənlər, IELTS (International English Language Testing System) imtahanı üçün hazırlaşanlar, həmçinin elmi sahədə çalışanlar üçün nəzərdə tutulmuşdur. Lüğətdə sözlərin tərcüməsi, yaxın mənalı birləşmə formaları və ifadələr toplanmışdır. Sözlərin ingilis dilində şərhi MERRİAM WEBSTER lüğətinə istinadən hazırlanmışdır (elmi istinadlar, söz tarixi və ifadə köklərinin şərhi baxımından əvəz­olun­maz mənbə sayılır).

The Caravanbashi, searching for the spirit of his father, Mammadqulu the Headsman, is drawn to the Valley of the Sorcerers. Sayyah the Sorcerer, a disciple of the White Dervish, undertakes to summon the spirit. The Caravanbashi’s mysterious meeting with the Spirit is to end in tragedy.

Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose works include Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey, and Persuasion. Her biting social commentary and masterful use of both free indirect speech and irony eventually made Austen one of the most influential and honored novelists in the English Literature.
First published in 1816, Emma is a comic novel about the «handsome, clever, and rich» title character and the follies surrounding her attempts at matchmaking. In her misguided schemes involving almost everyone’s romantic interests but her own, Emma manages to wreak disaster and charm at the same time.

Love stories in a time of war - A Karabakh Decameron

None of them are alive now. I’m the only one with a life - in a wheelchair. I decided to revive and write down from memory the stories my comrades-in-arms told the night before we went into bloody battle. I don’t know why, but I don’t want these stories to be forgotten. I think that as long as these stories live, so will my friends ...

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, published in 1916, is the semi-autobiographical story of Stephen Dedalus, a young Irish writer and literary stand-in for James Joyce himself. Divided into five chapters, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man follows Stephen’s life from childhood through adolescence to the first flush of manhood. As Stephen matures through various family conflicts and periods of study at Jesuit schools, he begins to rebel against his family, his religion, and his nation. Finally, in order to establish himself as an individual and to find his identity as an artist, he seeks self-imposed exile in Paris.

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain is an 1876 novel about a young boy growing up along the Mississippi River. The story is set in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, inspired by Hannibal, Missouri, where Twain lived.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer takes the reader along on a series of entertaining adventures and pranks while Tom’s youthful romance with his sweetheart Becky Thatcher blooms in the background. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of Mark Twain’s most beloved works.

Dostoevsky’s most revolutionary novel, Notes from Underground marks the dividing line between nineteenth- and twentieth-century fiction, and between the visions of self each century embodied.
One of the most remarkable characters in literature, the unnamed narrator is a former official who has defiantly withdrawn into an underground existence.
In full retreat from society, he scrawls a passionate, obsessive, self-contradictory narrative that serves as a devastating attack on social utopianism and an assertion of man’s essentially irrational nature.

Seyyid Imadeddin Nasimi (Shamakhy, 1369-Aleppo, 1417), the great Azerbaijani poet and eminent figure in the poetry and philosophical thought of the Orient, was the founder of a school of philosophical poetry in the Azerbaijani language.
During his lifetime, at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries, religious obscuranticism was dominant – his homeland was ravaged by Mongol invasion. In both the East and the West anyone propagating genuinely humanist views – by opposing feudal oppression, or calling upon men to trust in their own powers – was punished by death or imprisonment, and all progressive writings were burned.
A key work of early modernism, this is the superbly comic story of a Soviet scientist and a scroungy Moscow mongrel named Sharik. Attempting a medical first, the scientist transplants the glands of a petty criminal into the dog and, with that, turns a distinctly worryingly human animal loose on the city. The new, lecherous, vulgar, Engels-spouting Sharik soon finds his niche in govenrmental bureaucracy as the official in charge of purging the city of cats. A Frankenstein fable that’s as funny as it is terrifying, Heart of a Dog has also been read as a fierce parable of the Russian Revolution.
First performed at the Moscow Art Theatre in 1901, The Three Sisters probes the lives and dreams of Olga, Masha, and Irina, former Mus­covites now living in a provincial town from which they long to escape. Their hopes for a life more suited to their cultivated tastes and sensibilities provide a touching counterpoint to the relentless flow of compromising events in the real world.
In this powerful play, a landmark of modern drama, Chekhov masterfully interweaves cha­racter and theme in subtle ways that make the work’s finale seem as inevitable as it is deeply moving. It is reprinted here from a standard text with updated transliteration of character names and additional explanatory footnotes.

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